Sunday, June 2, 2024

University of Ottawa

             
University of Ottawa

The Rideau Canal is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America, and in 2007, it was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In addition, there are 24 other National Historic Sites of Canada in Ottawa, including: the Central Chambers, the Central Experimental Farm, the Chateau Laurie, Confederation Square, the former Ottawa Teachers' College, Evangeline Block, Lauri er House and the Parliament Buildings. Many other properties of cultural value have been designated as having "heritage elements" by the City of Ottawa under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act.The public transit system is operated by OC Transport, a department of the city. 

An integrated hub-and-spoke system of services is available consisting of: regular buses travelling on fixed routes in mixed traffic, typical of most urban transit systems a bus rapid transit  system which is a high-frequency bus service operating on the transit way (a network of mostly grade-separated dedicated bus lanes within their own right of way) and having full stations with Park & Ride facilities, further supported by on-road reserved bus lanes and priority traffic signal controls; a light rail transit system known as the O-Train operating on one north-south route (the Trillium Line); and a door-to-door bus service for the disabled known as Transpolar. Both OC Transport and the Quebec-based Society de transport de disputatious  operate bus services between Ottawa and Gateau. Construction is underway on the Confederation Line, a 12.5 km  light-rail transit line , which includes a 2.5 km tunnel through the downtown area featuring three subway stations. The project broke ground in 2013, with operation scheduled to start in 2018. A further 30 kilometers and 19 stations will be built between the two O-Train Lines by 2023.

The city is served by two freeway corridors. The primary corridor is east-west and consists of provincial Highway 417 designated as The Queen sway and Ottawa-Carlton Regional Road 174 formerly Provincial Highway 17 a north-south corridor, Highway 416 (designated as Veterans' Memorial Highway), connects Ottawa to the rest of the 400-Series Highway network in Ontario. Highway 417 is also the Ottawa portion of the Trans-Canada Highway. The city also has several scenic parkways such as Colonel By Drive, Queen Elizabeth Driveway, the Sir John A. MacDonald Parkway, Radcliffe Parkway and the Aviation Parkway and has a freeway connection to Auto route 5 and Auto route 50, in Gateau. In 2006, the National Capital Commission completed aesthetic enhancements to Confederation Boulevard, a ceremonial route of existing roads linking key attractions on both sides of the Ottawa River.
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Imperial College London

         
Imperial College London

 Imperial College Business School was built and in 2004, Queen Elizabeth II opened its building . As a previous constituent school of the University of London, Imperial got freedom amid its centennial festival in 2007. The college is sorted out into four personnel: science, building, medication and business; inside the school there are more than 40 offices, organizations and examination focuses. Magnificent's fundamental grounds is placed in the South Kensington zone of London, with extra grounds in Chelsea, Hammersmith, Paddington, Silwood Park, Wye College and Singapore. Imperial is a biomedical examination focus being an individual from the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association, the G5, the Association of MBAs, the League of European Research Universities, the Russell Group and a piece of the "brilliant triangle". In a corporate study did by The New York Times, its graduates were among the 10 most esteemed globally.

 Imperial is reliably positioned among the best colleges on the planet, positioning second in the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings and ninth in the 2014/15 Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Imperial's staff and graduated class incorporate 15 Nobel laureates, 2 Fields Medalists, 70 Fellows of the Royal Society, 82 Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering and 78 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences.The Great Exhibition was composed by Prince Albert, Henry Cole, Francis Fuller and different individuals from the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce as a festival of modern innovation and configuration. The Great Exhibition made an overflow of £186,000 which was utilized to make a territory in the South of Kensington praising the support of expressions of the human experience, science, and business nicknamed Albertopolis. The surplus paid for the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Science Museum and the Natural History Museum which were assembled nearby the Imperial Institute. 

Soon after Prince Albert expired, his wife Queen Victoria renamed the Royal Albert Hall adjoining Imperial in his honour.In 2000 Imperial blended with both the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology and Wye College, the University of London's horticultural school in Wye, Kent. It at first consented to keep Agricultural Sciences at Wye, however shut them in 2004. In December 2005, Imperial reported a science park program at the Wye grounds, with broad housing; notwithstanding, this was deserted in September 2006 after protestations that the proposition encroached on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and that the genuine size of the plan, which could have raised £110m for the College, was known to Kent and Ashford Councils and their advisors however hid from the public. One observer watched that Imperial's plan mirrored "the condition of popular government in Kent, the change of an eminent investigative school into a getting a handle on, profoundly forceful, neo-corporate organization, and the protection of the status of an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty – all through England, not simply Wye – against widespread covetousness upheld by the connivance of two vital neighborhood authorities. Wye College grounds was at last shut in September 2009.

 In May 2001 another workforce structure was created, with all offices being alloted to the Faculties of Engineering, Medicine, Physical Sciences and Life Sciences. A merger with University College London was proposed in October 2002, yet was surrendered after a month emulating challenges from staff over potential redundancies. In 2003 Imperial was allowed degree-granting powers in its own privilege by the Privy Council. The London Center for Nanotechnology was made in that year as a joint wander in the middle of UCL and Imperial College London. In 2004 the Tanaka Business School (now named the Imperial College Business School) and another Main Entrance on Exhibition Road were opened by The Queen. The UK Energy Research Center was additionally settled in 2004 and opened its central command at Imperial College. In November 2005 the Faculties of Life Sciences and Physical Sciences fused to turn into the Faculty of Natural Sciences.Imperial's primary grounds is spotted in the South Kensington region of focal London.

 It is arranged in a zone of South Kensington, known as Albertopolis, which has a high convergance of social and scholastic foundations, including the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Royal College of Music, the Royal College of Art, the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Albert Hall. The development of the South Kensington grounds in the 1950s & 1960s consumed the site of the previous Imperial Institute, outlined by Thomas Collcutt, of which just the 287 foot (87 m) high Queen's Tower stays among the more present day buildings.Imperial's examination and instructing is sorted out inside a system of workforces and scholastic divisions. Magnificent presently has the accompanying three constituent personnel: Supreme College Faculty of Engineering Supreme College Faculty of Medicine Supreme College Faculty of Natural Sciences. The Imperial College Business School, and the Center for Co-Curricular Studies exist as scholastic units outside of the workforce structure. From September 2013 the Center for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine has moved to King's College London, and the Translation Studies Unit has migrated to UCL. 

The Center For Co-Curricular Studies gives elective subjects and dialect courses outside the field of science for understudies in alternate employees and offices. Understudies are urged to take these classes either for credit or in their own time, and in a few offices this is mandatory. Courses exist in an extensive variety of subjects including reasoning, morals in science and innovation, history, advanced writing and dramatization, workmanship in the twentieth century, film studies. Language courses are accessible in French, German, Japanese, Italian, Russian, Spanish, Arabic and Mandarin Chinese. The Center For Co-Curricular Studies is home to the Science Communication Unit[36] which offers Master's degrees in Science Communication and Science Media Production for science graduates.
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University of Minnesota

       
University of Minnesota

The original Minneapolis campus overlooked the Saint Anthony Falls on the Mississippi River, but it was later moved about a mile (1.6 km) downstream to its current location. The original site is now marked by a small park known as Chute Square at the intersection of University and Central Avenues. The school shut down following a financial crisis during the American Civil War, but reopened in 1867 with considerable financial help from John S. Pillsbury. It was upgraded from a preparatory school to a college in 1869. Today, the University's Minneapolis campus is divided by the Mississippi River into an East and West BankThe campus now has buildings on both river banks. The "East Bank", the main portion of the campus, covers 307 acres . 

The West Bank is home to the University of Minnesota Law School, the Humphrey School of Public Affairs, the Carlson School of Management, various social science buildings, and the performing arts center. The St. Paul campus is home to the College of Biological Sciences , the College of Design, the College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences , and the veterinary program.Another building that has won an award is the new Science Teaching and Student Services Building (STSS), renamed as the Robert H. Bruininks Hall on May 1, 2015. This building has been awarded the prestigious LEED Gold certification. LEED, or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is an internationally recognized green building certification system administered by the U.S. Green Building Council. LEED measures multiple dimensions of a building's design and construction including sustainable sites, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, water efficiency, and indoor environmental quality."It's appropriate that a building that supports science education and overlooks a great river would be built with principles of sustainability at the forefront," said, U of M President Robert Bruininks at the opening of STSS in August 2010.Highlights of sustainability in STSS include:

Conserving water Installation of low-flow sinks and bathroom fixtures that use 50 percent less water than a typical building of its size. Outdoor irrigation systems use a monitoring system that measures ground saturation and local weather patterns, so that irrigation only takes place when needed. Nativer drought tolerant plants reduce runoff to the river and minimize irrigation needs.Recycling and reuss Builders reused sections of the foundation from the Science Classroom Building that previously occupied the site to construct STSS. This saved time and money and reduced the amount of new materials used to build STSS. Recycled materials were incorporated into the carpet, tables, chairs and structural steel of STSS. In addition, 94 percent of the construction debris from the site was diverted from the landfill for reuse or recycling.Air quality and air flow An innovative underfloor air distribution system allows fresh air to move into the building while pushing stale air to the ceiling. This air is then collected in air ducts and circulated outside, providing healthy and comfortable air for occupants.Exterior glass

 The exterior glass on the west and south sides of STSS provides an aesthetically pleasing view of the river and downtown and also provides natural lighting. This feature proved challenging for those designing an energy efficient structure. They found a solution with a custom-designed white dot pattern on the glass and strategically-placed columns to maximize views, minimize glare and reduce solar heat gain by 50 percent.Building materials—When possible, builders used construction materials manufactured within a 500-mile radius of Minneapolis to reduce transportation emissions and to support the regional economy.Connections—STSS further facilitates connections to alternative transportation and the Mississippi River through its design and structure. Bike racks are located around the building to provide adequate parking. Bus stops are located conveniently near the building.The Graduate and Professional Student Assembly (GAPSA) is responsible for graduate and professional student governance at the University of Minnesota. It is the largest and most comprehensive graduate/professional student governance organization in the United States. GAPSA serves students in the Carlson School of Management, the Dental School, the Graduate School, the Law School, the Medical School, the School of Nursing, the College of Pharmacy, the School of Public Health, the College of Veterinary Medicine, and the College of Education and Human Development. GAPSA is also a member of the National Association of Graduate-Professional Students.The University of Minnesota has the second largest number of graduate and professional students in the United States at over 16,000. All registered graduate and professional students at the University of Minnesota are members of GAPSA. It was established in 1990 as a non-profit (IRS 501 confederation of independent college councils representing all graduate and professional students at the University of Minnesota to the Board of Regents, the President of the University, the University Senate, the University at large and wider community. GAPSA serves as a resource for member councils, as the primary contact point for administrative units, as a graduate and professional student policy-making and policy-influencing body, and as a center of intercollegiate and intra-collegiate interaction among students.According to the College Board, as of July 2013 there are 34,812 undergraduates at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities campus. Out of that number, 5,368 are first-time degree seeking freshmen.

 There are 17,745 graduate students.The racial/ethnic breakdown of the student population is as follows:75% White, 3% Black, 9% Asian, 3% Hispanic/Latino, 3% Two or more races, 1% Other, and 6% Non-resident alienThe average age of all students is 21.The gender breakdown of the student population is 52% women and 48% men.67% of matriculants to the university are considered Minnesota residents, and 33% of matriculants are considered out-of-state residents.The number of fraternities and sororities at the University of Minnesota is extensive. Including defunct branches, the Greek System numbers more than 200 organizations. More than half of these remain active today, whose pioneers have had a presence on the Twin Cities campus for over 140 years.

The University's Greek societies include Professional Fraternities, Honor Societies and Service Fraternities, along with the highly visible residential Academic and Social chapters. Many of these built and occupy historically significant "Fraternity Row" homes along University Ave. SE, 10th Ave. SE, 4th Street SE, and 5th Street SE, all in Minneapolis, or along Cleveland Ave. near the St. Paul campus.Greek System participants are more likely to graduate than the average student, are most likely to graduate with a higher GPA, and Greek alumni contribute more money than their percentage of population. Gallup polling helps explain this marked differential, advising that "fraternity and sorority members  strongly agree that their institution prepared them for life after college [as compared to] all other college graduates . As of June, 2014, approximately 2,800 system members made up about 8% of the campus population. Minnesota hosts 38 academic fraternities, 20 academic sororities, 56 honors societies, 31 professional societies, and two service-focused chapters.
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University of Chicago

           
University of Chicago

The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Established in 1890, the University of Chicago consists of The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools. Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students in the College and around 15,000 students overall.University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of various academic disciplines, including: the Chicago school of economics, the Chicago school of sociology, the law and economics movement in legal analysis, the Chicago school of literary criticism, the Chicago school of religion, and the behavioralism school of political science. Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field. 

Chicago's research pursuits have been aided by unique affiliations with world-renowned institutions like the nearby Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as the Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press in the United States.Founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890; William Rainey Harper became the university's first president in 1891, and the first classes were held in 1892. Both Harper and future president Robert Maynard Hutchins advocated for Chicago's curriculum to be based upon theoretical and perennial issues rather than on applied sciences and commercial utility. With Harper's vision in mind, the University of Chicago also became one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities, an international organization of leading research universities, in 1900.The University of Chicago is home to many prominent alumni. 89 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the university as visiting professors, students, faculty, or staff, the fourth most of any institution in the world.

 In addition, Chicago's alumni include 49 Rhodes Scholars, 9 Fields Medalists,13 National Humanities Medalists, 13 billionaire graduates, and a plethora of members of the United States Congress and heads of state of countries all over the world.The University of Chicago was created and incorporated as a coeducational, secular institution in 1890 by the American Baptist Education Society and a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field. Organized as an independent institution legally, it replaced the first Baptist university of the same name, which had closed in 1886 due to extended financial and leadership problems. William Rainey Harper became the modern university's first president on July 1, 1891, and the university opened for classes on October 1, 1892.The Booth School of Business was founded in 1898, and the law school was founded in 1902.Harper died in 1906, and was replaced by a succession of three presidents whose tenures lasted until 1929.

 During this period, the Oriental Institute was founded to support and interpret archeological work in what was then called the Near East.In the 1890s, the University of Chicago, fearful that its vast resources would injure smaller schools by drawing away good students, affiliated with several regional colleges and universities: Des Moines College, Kalamazoo College, Butler University, and Stetson University. Under the terms of the affiliation, the schools were required to have courses of study comparable to those at the University, to notify the university early of any contemplated faculty appointments or dismissals, to make no faculty appointment without the university's approval, and to send copies of examinations for suggestions. The University of Chicago agreed to confer a degree on any graduating senior from an affiliated school who made a grade of A for all four years, and on any other graduate who took twelve weeks additional study at the University of Chicago. A student or faculty member of an affiliated school was entitled to free tuition at the University of Chicago, and Chicago students were eligible to attend an affiliated school on the same terms and receive credit for their work. The University of Chicago also agreed to provide affiliated schools with books and scientific apparatus and supplies at cost; special instructors and lecturers without cost except travel expenses; and a copy of every book and journal published by the University of Chicago Press at no cost. The agreement provided that either party could terminate the affiliation on proper notice. Several University of Chicago professors disliked the program, as it involved uncompensated additional labor on their part, and they believed it cheapened the academic reputation of the University.

 The program passed into history by 1910.In 1999, then-President Hugo Sonnenschein announced plans to relax the university's famed core curriculum, reducing the number of required courses from 21 to 15. When The New York Times, The Economist, and other major news outlets picked up this story, the university became the focal point of a national debate on education. The changes were ultimately implemented, but the controversy played a role in Sonnenschein's decision to resign in 2000.In the past decade, the university began a number of multimillion-dollar expansion projects. In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the Milton Friedman Institute which attracted both support and controversy from faculty members and students. The institute will cost around $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary. During the same year, investor David G. Booth donated $300 million to the university's Booth School of Business, which is the largest gift in the university's history and the largest gift ever to any business school In 2009, planning or construction on several new buildings, half of which cost $100 million or more, was underway.Since 2009, a two-billion dollar campaign has brought substantial expansion to the campus, including the unveiling of the Max Palevsky Residential Commons, the South Campus Residence Hall, the Gerald Ratner Athletics Center, a new hospital, and a new science building. Since 2011, major construction projects have included the Jules and Gwen Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, a ten-story medical research center, and further additions to the medical campus of the University of Chicago Medical Center.

On May 1, 2014, Barack Obama's White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault publicly named the University of Chicago as one of many higher education institutions under investigation by the Office of Civil Rights "for possible violations of federal law over the handling of sexual violence and harassment complaints. Fourth-year Olivia Ortiz filed the original complaint on the claim that the University had mishandled disciplinary procedures after she was sexually assaulted by her then-partner, who has since graduated, over the course of the 2011–2012 academic year. OCR accepted her case in June 2013, based both on the content of Ortiz's original complaint and on the Maroon Sexual Assault Investigative series from fall 2012, which was cited in the original complaint. The complaint was reported originally by the Chicago Maroon in a 2012 student newspaper investigation of University of Chicago's history of under reporting and mishandling sexual violence complaints filed by students since 2007.The University of Chicago is governed by a board of trustees. The Board of Trustees oversees the long-term development and plans of the university and manages fundraising efforts, and is composed of 50 members including the university President. Directly beneath the President are the Provost, fourteen Vice Presidents including the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Investment Officer, and Dean of Students of the university the Directors of Argonne National Laboratory and Fermi lab, the Secretary of the university, and the Student Ombudsperson. As of August 2009, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees is Andrew Alper, and the President of the university is Robert Zimmer. In December 2013 it was announced that the Director of Argonne National Laboratory, Eric Isaacs, would become Provost.The university's endowment was the 12th largest among American educational institutions and state university systems in 2013 and as of 2012 was valued at $6.571 billion. Part of President Zimmerman's financial plan for the University has been an increase in accumulation of debt to finance large building projects. This has drawn support and criticism from many in the University community.

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University of Oslo


           
  University of Oslo

The University of Oslo (Norwegian: Universitetet i Oslo), once The Royal Frederick University (Norwegian: Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet), is the most seasoned and biggest college in Norway, spotted in the Norwegian capital of Oslo. The college is perceived as one of Northern Europe's most prestigious colleges. The Academic Ranking of World Universities has positioned it the 67th best college in the world.

 The college has more or less 27,700 understudies and utilizes around 6,000 individuals. Its workforces incorporate (Lutheran) Theology (Norway's state religion since 1536), Law, Medicine, Humanities, Mathematics, characteristic sciences, sociologies, Dentistry, and Education. The college's unique neoclassical grounds is found in the inside of Oslo; it is as of now possessed by the Faculty of Law. The vast majority of the college's different workforces are placed at the fresher Blindern grounds in the rural West End. 

The Faculty of Medicine is part between a few college doctor's facilities in the Oslo range. The college was established in 1811 and was designed according to the University of Copenhagen and the as of late settled University of Berlin. It was initially named for King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway, and got its present name in 1939. The college is casually otherwise called Universitetet ("the college"), having been the main college in Norway until 1946, and was regularly alluded to as "The Royal Frederick's" (Det Kgl. Frederiks) before the name change. The University of Oslo is home to five Nobel Prize winners. The Nobel Peace Prize was recompensed in the college's Atrium from 1947 to 1989. Since 2003, the Abel Prize is honored in the Atrium. In 1811, a choice was made to secure the first college in the Dano-Norwegian Union, after an effective crusade which brought about a concurrence with King Fredrik VI. Fredrick consented to the foundation of an organization that he had prior accepted may empower political-separatist inclinations. In 1813,

 The Royal Fredrik's University was established in Christiania, a little city amid that time. Circumstances then changed drastically one year into the initiation of the college, as Norway announced freedom and received its own particular constitution. Be that as it may, freedom was to some degree confined, as Norway was obliged to go into an authoritative union with Sweden in light of the result of the War of 1814. Norway held its own particular constitution and free state establishments, whilst illustrious force and outside issues were imparted to Sweden. During an era when Norwegians dreaded political mastery by the Swedes, the new college turned into a key establishment that added to Norwegian political and social autonomy.

 The primary capacity of The Royal Frederick University was to teach another class of (higher) common hirelings. In spite of the fact that Norway was in an administrative union with Sweden, it was a sovereign state, and required taught individuals to run it. Common workers were required, and also parliamentary delegates and priests. The college additionally turned into the focal point for an overview of the nation a study of national society, dialect, history and people customs. The staff of the college strove to embrace an extensive variety of pragmatic undertakings vital for building up the base basic to a cutting edge society.

 At the point when the union with Sweden was broken down in 1905, the college got to be essential for creating exceptionally taught men and ladies who could serve as specialists in a general public which set expanding accentuation on guaranteeing that all its subjects appreciate an existence of pride and security. Training, wellbeing administrations and open organization were among those fields that enrolled staff from among the college's graduates. In 1939, the college was renamed the University of Oslo and it remained Norway's just college until 1946. . All through the 1800s, the college's scholastic orders got to be more specific. One of the significant changes in the college came amid the 1870s when a more noteworthy accentuation got to be put upon exploration.

 In 1985, all Docents got to be full teachers. The most widely recognized positions underneath that are førsteamanuensis (deciphered as Associate Professor), and amanuensis or universitetslektor (interpreted as Lecturer or Assistant Professor). At the University of Oslo, pretty much all new lasting positions are declared at the Associate Professor level; a partner teacher may request advancement to full educator in the event that he or she holds the fundamental skill. Also, there are brief, qualifying positions, for example, stipendiat (Research Fellow) and postdoktor (Postdoctoral Fellow). A little number of representatives, for the most part with no showing commitments and whose capabilities may fluctuate from the collaborator teacher level to the full educator level, may hold the title forsker (Researcher). A few different less basic scholastic positions additionally exist.

 Verifiably, just educators had the privilege to vote and be spoken to in the administering groups of the college. Initially, all teachers were naturally individuals from the Collegium Academicum, the most elevated overseeing assortment of the college, however soon a while later its participation was restricted. Docents were allowed the privilege to vote and be spoken to in 1939 and different scholastics and understudies in 1955. In 1975, the specialized authoritative help staff was additionally allowed the privilege to vote and be spoken to in specific bodies, as the last gathering. Earlier by law, and now by custom, the most noteworthy positions, for example, Rector or Dean, are just held by educators. They are chosen by the scholarly group (scholastics and understudies) and by the specialized authoritative help staff, however the votes of the scholastics convey fundamentally more weight. The college's old grounds, firmly impacted by Prussian planner Karl Friedrich Schinkel's neoclassical style, is placed in the middle of Oslo close to the National Theater, the Royal Palace and the Parliament.

 The old grounds was then involved by the Faculty of Law and the vast majority of alternate staffs have been exchanged to the Blindern grounds in the rural West End, raised in the 1930s. The Faculty of Medicine is part between a few college healing centers in the Oslo region.
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